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List of Mexican operas
This is a list of operas by Mexican composers.〔The list also includes the operatic subgenre of zarzuela, but rock operas〕 Many, but not all, of them premiered in Mexico. Amongst the operas which had their first performances abroad are Melesio Morales' ''Ildegonda'' (Italy, 1868), Daniel Catán's ''Florencia en el Amazonas'' (USA, 1996), and Julio Estrada's ''Murmullos del páramo'' (Spain, 2006).
Many of the operas listed have librettos in Spanish, the official language of Mexico. However, the practice of using French or Italian librettos was common in 19th and early 20th century Mexico when much of the opera in that country was performed by visiting troupes largely composed of European singers unaccustomed to singing in Spanish. Both Gustavo Campa's ''Le roi poete'' and Ricardo Castro Herrera's ''La légende de Rudel'' had French librettos,〔The French libretto of ''La légende de Rudel'' was translated into Italian for its first performance〕 while ''Catalina de Guisa'' by Cenobio Paniagua and several other notable operas of this period had Italian librettos.〔Standish, Peter, (''A Companion to Mexican Studies'' ), Boydell & Brewer Ltd, 2006, pp. 69-70. ISBN 1-85566-134-9〕 Although the vast majority of later Mexican operas have Spanish librettos, there have been 20th century works set to English texts, most notably ''The visitors'' by Carlos Chávez with a libretto by the American poet Chester Kallman.
The first opera by a Mexican-born composer was Manuel de Zumaya's ''La Parténope'', performed in 1711 before a private audience in the Viceroy's Palace in Mexico City.〔 However, the first Mexican composer to have his operas publicly staged was Manuel Arenzana, the ''maestro de capilla'' at Puebla Cathedral from 1792 to 1821.〔Tiemastra, Suzanne Spicer, (''The choral music of Latin America: a guide to compositions and research'' ), Greenwood Publishing Group, 1992, p. 8. ISBN 0-313-28208-0〕 He is known to have written at least two works performed during the 1805/1806 season at the Teatro Coliseo in Mexico City — ''El extrangero'' and ''Los dos ribales en amore''. Both were short comic pieces. The first Mexican ''opera seria'' was Paniagua's ''Catalina de Guisa'' (composed in 1845 and premiered in 1859).
With its story about the Huguenots in France and an Italian libretto by Felice Romani, contemporary critics noted that the only thing Mexican about it was the composer.〔Grout, Donald Jay and Williams, Hermine Weigel, (''A short history of opera'' ), Columbia University Press, 2003, p. 561. ISBN 0-231-11958-5〕〔Bethell, Leslie, (''The Cambridge History of Latin America'' ), Volume 4, Cambridge University Press, 1984, p. 469. ISBN 0-521-23225-2〕 Although the traditions of European opera and especially Italian opera had initially dominated the Mexican music conservatories and strongly influenced native opera composers (in both style and subject matter), elements of Mexican nationalism had already appeared by the latter part of the 19th century with operas such as Aniceto Ortega del Villar's 1871 ''Guatimotzin'', a romanticised account of the defense of Mexico by its last Aztec ruler, Cuauhtémoc. Later works such as Miguel Bernal Jiménez's 1941 ''Tata Vasco'' (based on the life of Vasco de Quiroga, the first bishop of Michoacán) incorporated native melodies into the score.〔
==List==
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